Terrestrial Orchid Genera - Culture and Care
Below is a list of orchid genera that contain terrestrial species. Links will be added to each genus that have their own page. It's not intended to copy Wikipedia, but to provide information and tips on culture and care of these plants. This way the posts on the forum from experienced growers can be put into easy-to-find guidelines.
You can use this template to write on a genus that hasn't been started yet.
With the introduction of cheaper and faster genetic analysis tools it happens frequently that Orchids change name or genus, or that large groups are split into smaller (or vice-versa). This has induced a lot of frustration among growers and people like me that have to maintain data, but I feel we should embrace this. There are a number of genera in this list that require some attention, we know which ones but are awaiting final consencus from the academic world. In the mean time, we scan the valuable resources until the smoke has cleared:
- Australian Orchid genera name changes – Australian National Botanic Gardens & Australian Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research
- Orchid Newsletter – Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew
- Orchid Species Database – Jay's Orchid site, a great source for synonyms
- Günther Blaich – Probably the largest online resource for Terrestrial Orchid research
- The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) is a database of the names and associated basic bibliographical details of all seed plants, ferns and fern allies.
- Global Biodiversity Information System - or GBIF houses vast amounts of data from different sources. The database can be searched, browsed and stored in spreadsheet format.
The wiki has been expanded with a functionality that automatically retrieves the data from IPNI and the Monocot Checklist from Kew botanical gardens. For each genus, the current status for its species, forms, subspecies and variations are checked and stored on the wiki.
A
Acanthephippium
Aceras has been moved into Orchis
Acianthus
Acianthella … previously in Acianthus
Acineta
Adenochilus
Altensteinia
Amitostigma … Contains Amitostigma lepidum a.k.a. Okinawa Chidori
Anacamptis … see also Orchis
Androcorys
Ania … see Tainia
Anoectochilus
Anthogonium
Anzybas … see Corybas
Aorchis
Aphyllorchis
Aplectrum
Aporostylis
Apostasia
Arethusa
Arpophyllum
Arthrochilus
Arundina
Asarca … see Gavilea
Ascotainia … see Tainia
Aspidogyne
B
Barlia
Bartholina
Baskervilla
Beadlea … has been moved into Cyclopogon
Benthamia
Bicchia … see Habenaria
Bipinnula
Bletia
Bletilla
Bonatea
Brachycorythis
Brachystele
Bromheadia
Brownleea
C
Caladenia
Calanthe
Caleana
Calochilus
Calopogon
Calypso
Centrostigma
Cephalanthera
Ceratandra
Chamaeorchis … same as Chamorchis ?
Changnienia
Cheirostylis
Chiloglottis
Chloraea
Chranichis
Chrysoglossum
Chyrostylis
Claderia
Cleistes
Coeloglossum
Comperia
Corallorhiza
Corunastylis … see Genoplesium
Corybas
Corycium
Corymborkis
Corysanthes … see Corybas
Cranichis
Cremastra
Cryptostylis
Cyanaeorchis
Cyanicula
Cyclopogon
Cycnoches
Cymbidium
Cynorkis
Cypripedium
Cyrtopodium
Cyrtochilum
Cyrtostylis
D
Dactylorhiza
Danhatchia
Diceratostele
Diphylax … see Habenaria
Diplacorchis … see Brachycorythis
Dipodium
Disa
Discyphus
Disperis
Diteilis … see Liparis
Diuris
Doritis … monotypic semi-terrestrial genus
Dossinia
Drakaea … see also Spiculaea and Arthrochilus
Duckeella
E
Eleorchis
Eltroplectris
Elythranthera
Empusa … see Liparis
Ephippianthus
Epiblastus
Epiblema
Epidendrum … mainly epiphytic
Epipactis
Epipogium
Eriopsis
Erythrodes
Euanthe
Eucalanthe … included in Calanthe
Eulophia
Eurystyles
F
G
Galeandra
Gastorchis … nomen dubium? probably typo for Gastrorchis
Gastrodia
Gavilea
Gennaria
Geoblasta
Genoplesium
Geodorum
Glossodia
Gomphichis
Goodyera
Govenia
Graphorkis
Gymnadenia
H
Hammarbya
Habenaria … see also Platanthera
Herminium
Herschelianthe
Himantoglossum
Holothrix
Houlletia
Huttonaea
I
J
K
L
M
Macodes
Malaxis
Manniella
Mesadenella
Mesadenus
Microtis
Mischobulbum … see Tainia
Mitopetalum … see Tainia
Molloybas … see Corybas
N
Nematoceras … see Corybas
Neobenthamia
Neotinea
Neottianthe
Nephelaphyllum
Nervilia
Neuwiedia
Nigritella
O
Odontoglossum … mainly epiphytic
Oeceoclades
Oncidium … mainly epiphytic
Ophrys
Orchis … see also Anacamptis
Oreorchis
Ornithocephalis
P
Paphiopedilum
Papilionanthe
Paracaleana … see also Caleana
Paradisanthus
Pecteilis
Pelexia
Peristeria
Peristylus
Petalochilus … see Caladenia
Phaius
Phragmipedium
Platanthera … see also Habenaria
Platythelys
Platycoryne
Platylepis
Pleione
Pleurothallis
Plocoglottis
Pogonia
Pogoniopsis
Polycycnis
Ponerorchis
Ponthieva
Prasophyllum
Preptanthe … included in Calanthe
Prescottia
Pseudorchis
Pterichis
Pteroglossa
Pteroglossaspis
Pterostylis
Pterygodium
Pyrorchis
Q
R
S
Sacoila
Satyrium
Sauroglossum
Scaphyglottis
Schizodium
Schiedeella
Selenipedium
Serapias
Sobennikoffia
Sobralia
Spathoglottis
Spiculaea
Spiranthes
Stanhopea … mainly epiphytic
Stenoglottis
Stenoptera
Stenorrhynchos
Stigmatodactylus
T
Tainia
Tetramicra
Thelymitra
Thelyschista
Thunia
Tipularia
Traunsteinera
Trichoceros … contains epiphytic species
Trichopilia
Triphora
Tropidia
U
V
Vanda … mainly epiphytic
Vandopsis … mainly epiphytic
Vrydagsynea
W
X
Xylobium … mostly epiphytic genus
Y
Z
Zeuxine
Zygopetalum … genus not completely terrestrial
Intergeneric hybrids
Some genera listed above are known to cross with each other to form intergeneric hybrids. This has been observed in the wild or in culture. Below is the graph-representation as an illustration of what the intergeneric hybrid list currently contains (click to enlarge)
x Acinbreea (Acba.) = Acineta x Embreea
x Aciopea (Aip.) = Acineta x Stanhopea
x Ackersteinia (Aks.) = Ackermania x Kefersteinia
x Anabarlia (Anb.) = Anacamptis x Barlia
x Anacamptiorchis (Apt.) = Anacamptis x Orchis
x Anacamptiplatanthera (An.) = Anacamptis x Platanthera
x Anagymnorhiza (Agz.) = Anacamptis x Dactylorhiza x Gymnadenia
x Anaphorkis (Apk.) = Ansellia x Graphorkis
x Angida (Agd.) = Anguloa x Ida
x Anglyda (Ayd.) = Anguloa x Ida x Lycaste
x Anoectogoodyera (Ano.) = Anoectochilus x Goodyera
x Ansidium (Asdm.) = Ansellia x Cymbidium
x Barlorchis (Bos.) = Barlia x Orchis
x Bifrenidium (Bifdm.) = Bifrenaria x Cymbidium
x Bleteleorchis (Blet.) = Bletilla x Eleorchis
x Bletiaglottis (Blgts.) = Bletia x Spathoglottis
x Bletundina (Btd.) = Arundina x Bletilla
x Brassochilum (Bss.) = Brassia x Cyrtochilum
x Calanthophaius (Ctp.) = Calanthe x Phaius
x Calassodia (Calsd.) = Caladenia x Glossodia
x Caloarethusa (Clts.) = Calopogon x Arethusa
x Calomitra (Cmta.) = Calochilus x Thelymitra
x Calopotilla (Cpt.) = Bletilla x Calopogon
x Catanoches (Ctnchs.) = Catasetum x Cycnoches
x Catasandra (Ctsda.) = Catasetum x Galeandra
x Cephalepipactis (Cep.) = Cephalanthera x Epipactis
x Cephalopactis (Cpts.) = Cephalanthera x Epipactis
x Cephalophrys (Chp.) = Cephalanthera x Ophrys
x Chamodenia (Cham.) = Chamorchis x Gymnadenia
x Chyletia (Chlt.) = Bletia x Chysis
x Cloughara (Cgh.) = Catasetum x Clowesia x Cycnoches
x Clowenoches (Clw.) = Clowesia x Cycnoches
x Coeleione (Coeln.) = Coelogyne x Pleione
x Coeloglossgymnadenia (Cga.) = Coeloglossum x Gymnadenia
x Coeloglosshabenaria (Cgba.) = Coeloglossum x Habenaria
x Coeloglossogymnadenia (Cgg.) = Coeloglossum x Gymnadenia
x Coeloglossorchis (Cog.) = Coeloglossum x Orchis
x Coeloplatanthera (Con.) = Coeloglossum x Platanthera
x Cycleria (Cyl.) = Cycnoches x Dressleria
x Cyclodes (Cld.) = Clowesia x Cycnoches x Mormodes
x Cycnandra (Cycda.) = Cycnoches x Galeandra
x Cycnodes (Cycd.) = Cycnoches x Mormodes
x Cycnophyllum (Cnp.) = Cycnoches x Grammatophylllon
x Cycsellia (Cysl.) = Ansellia x Cycnoches
x Cymaclosetum (Cma.) = Catasetum x Clowesia x Cymbidium
x Cymasetum (Cymst.) = Catasetum x Cymbidium
x Cymbipetalum (Cbp.) = Cymbidium x Zygopetalum
x Cymbiphyllum (Cyb.) = Cymbidium x Grammatophyllum
x Cymphiella (Cymph.) = Cymbidium x Eulophiella
x Cypercymbidium (Ccm.) = Cymbidium x Cyperorchis
x Cyperocymbidium (Cyd.) = Cymbidium x Cyperorchis
x Cyrassostele (Crs.) = Brassia x Cyrtochilum x Rhynchostele
x Cyrtellia (Cyrtl.) = Ansellia x Cyrtopodium
x Cyrtocidium (Ctd.) = Cyrtochilum x Oncidium
x Cyrtoglossum (Cgl.) = Cyrtochilum x Odontoglossum
x Cyrtolauzina (Cyz.) = Cuitlauzina x Cyrtochilum
x Cyrtolioda (Crl.) = Cochlioda x Cyrtochilum
x Cyrtoniopsis (Crn.) = Cyrtochilum x Miltoniopsis
x Cysepedium (Cys.) = Cypripedium x Selenipedium
x Dactylanthera (D.) = Dactylorhiza x Platanthera
x Dactylella (Da.) = Dactylorhiza x Nigritella
x Dactyleucorchis (Dac.) = Dactylorhiza x Leucorchis
x Dactylitella (Dya.) = Dactylorhiza x Nigritella
x Dactylocamptis (Dps.) = Anacamptis x Dactylorhiza
x Dactyloceras (Dys.) = Aceras x Dactylorhiza
x Dactylodenia (Dtd.) = Dactylorhiza x Gymnadenia
x Dactyloglossum (Dam.) = Coeloglossum x Dactylorhiza
x Dactylogymnadenia (Dyy.) = Dactylorhiza x Gymnadenia
x Doreenhuntara (Dhta.) = Bollea x Cochleanthes x Kefersteinia x Pescatorea
x Dossinimaria (Dsma.) = Dossinia x Haemaria
x Dossinochilus (Dsh.) = Anoectochilus x Dossinia
x Dossinyera (Dny.) = Dossinia x Goodyera
x Dossisia (Dsi.) = Dossinia x Ludisia
x Elearethusa (Elsa.) = Arethusa x Eloyella
x Elecalthusa (Ecth.) = Arethusa x Calopogon x Eleorchis
x Elepogon (Elp.) = Calopogon x Eloyella
x Elythodia (Etha.) = Elythranthera x Glossodia
x Encyclipedium (En.) = Cypripedium x Encyclia … nomen nugax - cross never existed
x Epiglottis (Epgl.) = Epidendrum x Scaphyglottis
x Epiphaius (Eph.) = Epidendrum x Phaius
x Euclades (Eucl.) = Eulophia x Oecoclades
x Galeansellia (Gslla.) = Ansellia x Galeandra
x Galeodes (Gds.) = Galeandra x Mormodes
x Gastocalanthe (Gthe.) = Calanthe x Gastorchis
x Gastophaius (Gaph.) = Gastorchis x Phaius
x Gastrocalanthe (Gas.) = Calanthe x Gastrorchis
x Gastrophaius (Gp.) = Gastrorchis x Phaius
x Goodisachilus (Gdc.) = Anoectochilus x Goodyera x Ludisia
x Goodisia (Gda.) = Goodyera x Ludisia
x Grammatocymbidium (Grcym.) = Cymbidium x Grammatophyllum
x Grammatoheadia (Grda.) = Bromheadia x Grammatophyllum
x Grammatopodium (Grtp.) = Cyrtopodium x Grammatophyllum
x Graphiella (Grpla.) = Cymbidiella x Graphorkis
x Gymleucorchis (Gy.) = Gymnadenia x Leucorchis
x Gymnabicchia (Gb.) = Bicchia x Gymnadenia
x Gymnacamptis (Gyc.) = Anacamptis x Gymnadenia
x Gymnadeniorchis (Go.) = Gymnadenia x Orchis
x Gymnaglossum (Gyg.) = Coeloglossum x Gymnadenia
x Gymnanacamptis (Gc.) = Anacamptis x Gymnadenia
x Gymnaplatanthera (Gpt.) = Gymnadenia x Platanthera
x Gymnigritella (Gna.) = Gymnadenia x Nigritella
x Gymnorchis (Gyo.) = Gymnadenia x Leucorchis
x Gymnotraunsteinera (Gyt.) = Gymnadenia x Traunsteinera
x Habenariorchis (Ho.) = Habenaria x Orchis
x Haberiorchis (Hrc.) = Habenaria x Orchis
x Haemari-macodes (Hm.) = Haemaria x Macodes
x Hermibicchia (He.) = Bicchia x Herminium
x Hermileucorchis (Herm.) = Herminium x Leucorchis
x Herminorchis (Hem.) = Herminium x Leucorchis
x Hermorchis (Hrm.) = Herminium x Orchis
x Herscheliodisa (Hrds.) = Disa x Herschelia
x Houllora (Hlra.) = Gongora x Houlletia
x Jacquinparis (J.) = Jacquiniella x Liparis
x Jeaneara (Jen.) = Aganisia x Warrea x Zygopetalum
x Kalakauara (Kal.) = Catasetum x Clowesia x Cymbidium x Grammatophyllum
x Keferanthes (Kefth.) = Cochleanthes x Kefersteinia
x Keferella (Kfl.) = Chaubardiella x Kefersteinia
x Keferollea (Krl.) = Bollea x Kefersteinia
x Keforea (Kfr.) = Kefersteinia x Pescatorea
x Kuhnara (Kn.) = Cyrtochilum x Leochilus x Oncidium
x Leucadenia (Leu.) = Gymnadenia x Leucorchis
x Leucerminium (Lcm.) = Herminium x Leucorchis
x Leucororchis (Lo.) = Leucorchis x Orchis
x Leucotella (Lta.) = Leucorchis x Nigritella
x Loroglorchis (Lor.) = Loroglossum x Orchis
x Ludochilus (Lud.) = Anoectochilus x Ludisia
x Lycida (Lcd.) = Ida x Lycaste
x Macodisia (Mcd.) = Ludisia x Macodes
x Macomaria (Mcmr.) = Haemaria x Macodes
x Maxidium (Mxd.) = Cymbidium x Maxillaria
x Maxilobium (Mxlb.) = Maxillaria x Xylobium
x Monnierara (Monn.) = Catasetum x Cycnoches x Mormodes
x Neotiaceras (Nc.) = Aceras x Neotinea … see Orchinea
x Nigribicchia (Ni.) = Bicchia x Nigritella
x Nigrorchis (Nig.) = Nigritella x Orchis
x Oddyara (Oddy.) = Cochleanthes x Kefersteiniae x Pescatorea
x Oncandra (Ora.) = Oncidium x Galeandra
x Ophramptis (Opt.) = Anacamptis x Ophrys
x Orchiaceras (Or.) = Aceras x Orchis
x Orchicoeloglossum (Og.) = Coeloglossum x Orchis
x Orchidactyla (Orc.) = Dactylorhiza x Orchis
x Orchidactylorhiza (Oy.) = Dactylorhiza x Orchis
x Orchidanacamptis (Oc.) = Anacamptis x Orchis
x Orchigymnadenia (Ogy.) = Gymnadenia x Orchis
x Orchimantoglossum (Org.) = Himantoglossum x Orchis
x Orchinea (Ohn.) = Neotinea x Orchis … replaces Neottiaceras
x Orchiophrys (Orcys.) = Ophrys x Orchis
x Orchiplatanthera (Opa.) = Orchis x Platanthera
x Orchiserapias (Orsps.) = Orchis x Serapias
x Pattoniheadia (Pat.) = Bromheadia x Pattonia
x Pectabenaria (Pe.) = Habenaria x Pecteilis
x Pescawarrea (Psw.) = Pescatorea x Warrea
x Phabletia (Ph.) = Bletia x Phaius
x Phaiocalanthe (Phcal.) = Calanthe x Phaius
x Phaiocymbidium (Phcym.) = Cymbidium x Phaius
x Phaiolimatopreptanthe (Phai.) = Limatodes x Phaius x Preptanthe
x Phaiopreptanthe (Ppp.) = Phaius x Preptanthe
x Phalanthe (Pte.) = Calanthe x Phaius
x Phragmipaphium (Phrphm.) = Paphiopedilum x Phragmipedium
x Phragmopaphium (Phragmo.) = Paphiopedilum x Phragmipedium
x Pleionilla (Plnl.) = Bletilla x Pleione
x Plumatistylis (Pmt.) = Plumatichilos x Pterostylis
x Polygora (Plr.) = Gongora x Polycycnis
x Ponerostigma (Ptg.) = Amitostigma x Ponerorchis
x Pseudadenia (Ps.) = Gymnadenia x Pseudorchis
x Pseudanthera (Psd.) = Platanthera x Pseudorchis
x Pseudinium (Pdm.) = Herminium x Pseudorchis
x Pseuditella (Ptl.) = Nigritella x Pseudorchis
x Pseudorhiza (Psz.) = Dactylorhiza x Pseudorchis
x Pterocottia (Ptc.) = Prescottia x Pterostylis
x Pteroplodium (Ptp.) = Diplodium x Pterostylis
x Rhizanthera (Rh.) = Dactylorhiza x Platanthera
x Rotorara (Rtra.) = Bollea x Cochleanthes x Kefersteinia
x Schombletia (Sb.) = Bletia x Schomburgkia
x Selenipanthes (Selen.) = Lepanthes x Selenipedium
x Selenocypripedium (Scp.) = Cypripedium x Selenipedium
x Seraphrys (Sry.) = Ophrys x Serapias
x Serapicamptis (Ser.) = Anacamptis x Serapias
x Serapirhiza (Sz.) = Dactylorhiza x Serapias
x Sobennigraecum (Sbgcm.) = Angraecum x Sobennikoffia
x Sobraleya (So.) = Cattleya x Sobralia
x Spathophaius (Spp.) = Phaius x Spathoglottis
x Stanhocycnis (Stncn.) = Polycycnis x Stanhopea
x Stenopogon (Spg.) = Cyclopogon x Stenorrhynchos
x Stenosarcos (Stsc.) = Sarcoglottis x Stenorrhynchos
x Thompsonara (Thmpa.) = Catasetum x Cymbidium x Grammatophyllum
x Toluandra (Tln.) = Galeandra x Tolumnia
x Trichodezia (Tdza.) = Fernandezia x Trichoceros
x Trichopogon (Tpgn.) = Telipogon x Trichoceros
x Trichorella (Trla.) = Hofmeisterella x Trichoceros
x Wiseara (Wse.) = Anguloa x Lycaste x Xylobium
x Zelenchilum (Zlc.) = Cyrtochilum x Zelenkoa
x Zygodisanthus (Zdsnth.) = Paradisanthus x Zygopetalum
x Zygowarrea (Zwr.) = Warrea x Zygopetalum
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