[kal-a-dean~ee~er]

From kalos, beautiful, and adenos, a gland, referring to the glands on the lip, and the great beauty of the Species generally.
A large genus of hairy plants, with several species in New Zealand, and between 60 and 70 endemic to Australia, and chiefly) represented in Western Australia. Caladenia species are readily distinguished by the rows of calli or glandular hairs upon the lip. Leaf solitary, linear-lanceolate or oblong. Flowers solitary or very few in a loose raceme, variously coloured. Dorsal sepal usually erect or incurved over the column, while the lateral petals and the other two sepals are somewhat flat and spreading. The length and shape of the petals and sepals vary considerably in the different species which are divided into easily defined sections. Species with long tapering sepals and petals are known as "Spider Orchids," and greatly admired for their dainty, fragile loveliness. Nature has been kind to Western Australia, as in addition to the number of beautiful species of Caladenia she possesses, most of them have been distributed with a lavish hand. Botanists have differed regarding the classification of some species of Caladenia and closely allied genera, which have been placed in various lists claiming to be authoritative, under different names. This is confusing to beginners and necessitates endless explanation. After Western Australia, Victoria is the Australian State most favoured with Caladenias, having 20 species, which, with the exception of five (including Caladenia Patersonii, found in all the States), are different to West Australian varieties. New Zealand has several species of Caladenia, New South Wales has 17, Queensland 5, South Australia 18, and Tasmania 12, and the genus is represented in New Caledonia and the Malay Archipelago. The Australian species are all endemic, with the exception of C. carnea, which is recorded from Java.

C. Menziesii, R. Brown; honouring Archibald Menzies, naval surgeon and botanical collector.
"Bunny orchid" "Rabbit orchid"
Stems slender, 6 to 9 in. Leaf ovate-lanceolate, usually 1or 2 in. long, sometimes 7 in. long and 2 in. broad. Flowers white and pink, one or two on long stalks, lateral sepals lanceolate, acute, nearly 1/2 in. long, upper sepal concave and incurved. Petals much longer than the sepals, erect, narrow-linear, clavate, giving the flower a two-horned appearance. Lip undivided, ovate, erect at base, recurved towards the end, calli more or less distinctly arranged in two or four rows. Favours moist, shady places.
W.A.: Widely distributed. September - October.
Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria.

C.fimbriata, R. Brown. Fringed (See Leptoceras fimbriatum.)

C. discoidea, Lindley; disc-like or round, referring to the shape of lip.
"Antelope orchid" "Bee orchid" "Stags head orchid"
Stem 1 ft. or more. Leaf broadly linear or lanceolate 6 in. or more long. Flowers often two or three, yellowish green tinged with crimson. Sepals 1/2 in. or more long, shortly acuminate, upper sepal narrow, erect, incurved and concave lateral sepals lanceolate, somewhat falcate, spreading, petals longer and narrower. Lip not much shorter than sepals broadly ovate, veined, undivided, fringed, very shortly contracted at the base, calli irregularly crowded, the lower ones often longer and club-shaped, the two lowest conspicuously so. Column narrow and incurved at base, broadly winged in upper half, with two red glands at the base, which gleam within the flower like the eyes of insects. Grows usually in loose sandy soil.
W.A.: Bullsbrook, Cape Leeuwin, Collie, Darlington,Pingelly, Pinjarra, Wagin, York. September -October.

C.Cairnsiana, F. von Mueller; honouring the Rev. Adam Cairns, of Melbourne.
"Zebra orchid"
Stem about 6 in. Leaf linear. Flower solitary pink shaded, sepals and petals narrow-linear, about 1/2 in long, not produced into points, appressed against the ovary; lip erect against the column, as long as sepals, on a very short claw, elegantly veined with deep reddish-purple divergent lines, margins entire, calli crowded in two rows. Column narrow, much curved at the base, broadly winged upwards. Favours loamy soil.
W.A.: Boyup Brook, Kojonup, Mount Barker, Pingelly, Porongorups, Stirling Range, York. September - October

C. multiclavia, Reichenbach; much clubbed, referring to the club-shaped calli.
Stem 6 in. to 1 ft. Leaf short and very hairy. Flower, usually one, sometimes two, greenish~yellow, sepals and petals streaked with red, about 1 in. long; lateral petals lanceolate-falcate, spreading, the inflated portion somewhat exceeding the point; upper sepal retracted at base, then incurved, sharply falcate, with long fine rigid point, narrower than lateral sepals. Lateral petals lanceolate-falcate, wider than dorsal sepal, not quite so wide as lateral sepals, lightly adhered to the margin of the upper sepal from the stigmatic wing of the column almost to their tips, giving to the column a hooded appearance and making it look very wide. Lip-ovate-rhomboid or a rather long and slender claw, generally vertical, slightly recurved from about the middle; dark red clavate calli collected on upper part of claw and central portion of base of lip. Column retracted horizontally almost at right angles then in curved, wings very large, bluntly and widely falco-triangular This orchid is easily distinguished by the horizontal position of petals and sepals with points turned upwards, by the nodding lip with alternate yellow and dark red bands, and by the numerous dark red calli placed on a fleshy cushion on lip Favours "Jam" (Acacia acuminata) country.
W.A.: Baandee, Datatine, Highbury, Katanning, Pingelly, September-October.

C. reticulata, Fitzgerald; net-like, referring to the veining of the lip.
"Veined Caladenia"
Flowers large, usually solitary, rarely two, yellow, shaded and streaked with red. Sepals usually clavate, lateral petals shorter, spreading. Lip on a distinct claw, curiously veined in a criss-cross fashion, ovate, slightly toothed. Calli, shaped like a golf-club, in four-six rows. Column retracted at base, therefore erect and incurved, widely winged.
W.A.: Boyup Brook, Gilgerring, Woogenellup. September.
South Australia. Victoria,

C. filamentosa, R. Brown; thread-like, referring to the tips of sepals and petals
Leaf narrow-linear. Flowers usually red, sometimes yellow, or with red perianth and white lip veined with crimson; sepals and petals narrower than in C. Patersonii. Calli with flat oblong tops, always in two rows only on the basal half of the lip. Often found growing in groups with the root tubers entangled, and as many as 40 flower stems bunched lightly together with charming effect. Favours loamy clay soil.
W.A.: Widely distributed. August - September.
New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria,

C. Dorriernii, Domin; honouring Capt. A. A. Dorrien-Smith D.S.O.
A slender graceful plant, Stem about 6 in., with one narrow-linear leaf of same length, and having a short linear spreading bract about the middle. Flower solitary, base of peduncle sheathing, about 1 in. long, dark coloured. Sepals and petals 1 in. or more long, narrow-lanceolate-linear, three veined, thin, glabrous, with dark-coloured, thread-like, elongated tips densely glandular-villose. Lip nearly an inch long middle part provided with a few obtuse teeth. Calli in two series, each consisting of seven or eight calli placed closely against the middle of the lip.
WA.: Kojonup. October

C. tentaculata, Tate; with tentacles, referring to the long and slender perianth segments.
A species not considered sufficiently distinct by Dr. Rogers, to be classed as other than merely one of the many forms of C. filamentosa. Mr. Sargent reports this orchid as being common in various soils in the York district in August and September, and that two varieties occur there-one with sepals and petals yellow. In the other they vary from pale to deep crimson and the parts are pendulous. (See Journal Natural History Society, WA.).

C. Patersonii, R. Brown; honouring Col. W. Paterson, Lieut.Governor of New South Wales and Tasmania.
"Spider orchid"
Stems 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaf linear-lanceolate. Flowers usually white, or yellowish-white with reddish-brown stripes down the centre of the perianth segments. Sepals and petals spreading, except dorsal sepal, which is upright, more or less dilated in the lower part, but not clavate, tapering to long points. Lip usually with purple or crimson tip and calli, ovate-lanceolate on a short claw, undivided, the basal half erect, with acutely toothed margins, tip acute, recurved, calli rarely extending beyond the bend, linear-golf-stick in type, in 4-6 rows. Column incurved, winged narrowly in lower part, widely above. Not common and range limited. Favours moist clayey patches.
W.A.: Highbury, Kojonup, Pindalup. October.
All other Australian States.
Bentham, working from dried specimens, without having seen the flowers in a fresh state, was unable to separate several, to him, doubtfully distinct forms of C. Patersonii; including C. filamentosa, C. longicauda, and C. dilatata.

Variety longicauda, Roger.; long-tailed.
"White spider orchid"
Flowers white and pink, with very long dusky tentacles, which are covered with glandular hairs. The lip is not typical in shape. It is ovate-oblong, with the apex usually very obtuse. The lateral margins have long graceful combings about as far as the middle, thereafter the margins are serrate to the apex; calli linear, in four to six rows. Favours light or loamy soil.
W.A. Widely distributed and common. September - October. Orchid-hunters acquainted only with Eastern States specimens of Caladenia Pattersonii, invariably are amazed at the development of this Western Australian variety. Stems are frequently over 2 ft. 6 in. high. The outstretched tentacles (often dilated again towards the end) sometimes measure 12 in. across, and some plants bear as many as five perfect blossoms. It has been pointed out by Dr. Rogers that natural hybridism is responsible for a great deal of confusion with filamentous Caladenias, These often are linked by intermediate forms and pass imperfectly from one into the other.

C. pectinata, Rogers; toothed like a comb.
"Red-lipped spider orchid"
A tall handsome species. Flowers yellowish, with dark red markinghs on perianth segments and lip. Dorsal sepal erect or slightly incurved, with clavate points. LateraI sepals spreading, backwards, shorter than sepals. Lip on a short claw, margins deeply toothed with a comb-like fringe. Calli in four rows increasing to 6-8 rows near the apex of the lip
W.A.: Widely distributed September - October.

C. lobata, Fitzgerald; lobed, referring to the column wings.
"Butterfly orchid"
A tall robust species, considered by Fitzgerald to be the most beautiful of the Caladenias. Leaf oblong-lanceolate sheathing at the base, over 1 in. wide. Flowers, one or two, pale greenish-yellow, shaded, streaked and spotted with crimson. Petals linear, tapering to a long point. Sepals dilate for about an inch, then passing into long fine points. Upper sepal erect and much curved forward, lateral sepals sharply curved upward. Lip three-lobed, 1 in. or more wide, lateral lobes elegantly fringed; calli of the disk linear, crowded for about one-third of the lip in two bands which unite into one at the base. Column with no glands at the base, wings dilated into an ear-like lobe about the centre. The lip of this magnificent orchid swings lightly on a narrow claw, and has theappearance of a butterfly poised upon the flower, its wings trembling and vibrating in the breeze.
W.A.: Bluff Knoll, Stirling Range, Upper Kalgan River. September - October.

C. dilatata, R. Brown; widened, referring to the broadlip.
"Green orchid"
A handsome species. Flowers yellowish-green, shaded and streaked with crimson, but sometimes without any red on perianth or lip. Lateral sepals turned upwards almost at right angles. Lip three-lobed, the middle lobe in typical specimens deep crimson, curving back with a horn-like appearance, and the wide-spreading lateral lobes usually fringed. Calli crimson, long, slender, club-shaped, closely packed in the centre of the disk in four rows. The lip moves freely on a hinge-like claw. Column winged, with two distinct glandular calli at the base. Favours clayey soil.
W.A.:Albany, Cape Leeuwin, Greenbushes, Katanning, Kojonup, Perth, Stirling Range, Wagin, York. September -November.
New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria.

Var. rhomboidiformis, Coleman; rhomboid in form, referring to lip.
A slender early-flowering variety resembling C. dilatata in colour, but with shorter, broader perianth segments; lateral sepals pendant, neither crossed, spreading or deflexed. Lip rhomboidal, without the wide green lateral lobes and combs of the type, dilated portion shortly fringed, toothed towards the apex. Calli thick and fleshy. (Described "Victorian Naturalist," February, 1930.)
W.A.: Augusta, Boyup Brook, Busselton, Capel, Forest Grove, Mundaring, Waterloo. September - October.

C. radialis, Rogers; radial, referring to lip markings.
A graceful species from 6 in. high. Flowers, one or two, rather large, yellow and reddish-brown, with dark lines on the perianth segments and lip. Segments lanceolate and dilated at the base, narrowing to shortly hairy thread-like tails, marked with reddish-brown lines. Dorsal sepal erect, in-curved, three-nerved. Lateral sepals and petals a little longer, 3-5 nerved, spreading. Lip on a slender movable claw, somewhat ovate, much recurved at apex, margins usually entire, rarely slightly serrate, lamina decorated with dark radial nerves. Calli yellow, linear-golf-stick type, densely crowded in six rows on the lower part of lip, ending about the middle of the lamina. Column erect, incurved, winged throughout,but widely so just below the anther. (Described Transactions Royal Society S.A., Vol. LI., 1927.)
W.A.: Beverley, Dowerin. September.

Note by Dr. Rogers "This species replaces the plant in Western Australia hitherto regarded as conspecific with C. clavigera, Cunningham. Its lip differs considerably from that of the Eastern species, not only in shape, but also in the presence of the six rows of densely crowded calli and a number of dark radial lines. Its column is also quite differently winged, has a very blunt anther without a mucrone, and is without the usual double yellow calli at the base. The segments of the perianth are not clavate."

C. bicolor, Rogers; two-coloured.
A species about 8 in. high, rather closely approaching C. radialis, but differing in the relatively shorter petals, and in the presence of two oval calli at the base of the column. Flower solitary, rather large, yellowish, with reddish-brown stripes and markings. Dorsal sepal erect, incurved, linear, with conspicuous reddish-brown line on lower half, then contracted into a terete tail covered with dense, short reddish-brown glandular-tipped hairs. Lateral petals similar but rather longer, spreading. Petals lanceolate, retroflexed, otherwise similar to sepals, Lip on a very slender claw, ovate, at first erect against the column, then recurved to an obtuse tip; margins dark reddish-brown, entire except near the apex where they are very shortly sinuate, lamina longitudinally concave, basal half yellow with conspicuous reddish-brown divergent stripes, the recurved apex part dark reddish-brown and bare. Calli linear, with fleshy heads, golf-stick type, arranged rather indefinitely in six rows extending to about the middle. Column erect, with hatchet-shaped wings on either side of the stigma, and more narrowly below. (Described Transactions Royal Society S.A., Vol. LIV., 1930.)
W.A.: Swan River district, Muresk. September.

C. clavigera, Cunningham; club-bearing, referring to the clubbed tips of sepals.
"Clubbed spider orchid"
A species with the habit of C. Patersonii, Sepals usually about 1 in. long, lanceolate at base with long fine points usually, but not always, clavate at the tips, petals shorter but not clavate. Lip under 1/2 in. long, the broad yellow lateral lobes quite entire, the purple middle lobe either entire or slightly scalloped towards the base, calli in about four rows (See C. radialis.)
W.A.: Albany, Beverley, Tukurua. September - October. New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria,

C. longiclavata, Coleman; long-clubbed.
A robust species from 6 in. high. Leaf lancelolate. Flowers, one or two, maroon and yellow, perianth segment. slightly spreading, except the dorsal sepal, which is erect and incurved, with wide red central stripes; sepals and petal. longly and heavily clavate for more than one-third of their length. Lip ovate, yellowish, apex and calli maroon, not tremulous, lateral margins shortly fringed, toothed towards the much recurved apex. Calli in four rows, rarely six. Column incurved, widely winged above, much narrower below. (Described "Victorian Naturalist," February, 1930.)
W.A.: Boyup Brook, Busselton, Capel, Donnybrook, Forest Grove. September - October.

C. plicata, Fitzgerald; folded, referring to the folded tip of labellum.
"Crab-lipped orchid"
Stem about 1 ft. high. Leaf lanceolate, 7 or 8 in. long, about 1/4 in. broad, sheathing at the base. Flowers usually two, almost horizontal, yellowish streaked with red. Petals narrow-lanceolate, sepals lanceolate at the base for about half their length, then narrow-linear, clavate. Upper sepal erect, recurved. Lip crab-shaped, nearly 1/2 in. wide, fringed, on a long slender claw, with the same trembling movement as in C. lobata,, Calli of the disk dark crimson, linear, clavate, crowded into a band down the centre of the lip. Column winged from the base, with two oval-shaped calli near the base.
W.A.: Lake Chockerup, Mt. Barker, Porongorups, Tukurua. September - October.

C. cristata, Rogers; crested, referring to the calli arrangement.
A slender plant about 1 ft. high, leaf linear, about 4 in long. Flower solitary, segments of perianth yellowish-green with a central red streak; sepals nearly 1 in. long, upper sepal erect, incurved lanceolate. Lateral sepals wider, acuminate spreading, lateral petals linear-lanceolate, narrower and shorter than the sepals. Lip reddish-brown, veined, mobile on a short claw, heart-shaped, edge rolled under a little and entire, calli on long stalks, crowded into a conspicuous, rather narrow, dense crest along the centre, extending from the claw almost to the apex, hi-lobed near the claw, and more or less linear near the apex. Column almost equal in length to lip, much incurved and very widely winged in the upper half. This species resembles C. plicata, Fitzgerald, in the shape of its column and the arrangement of its calli, but differs in the absence of the clubbed sepals and fringed lip margins. Type specimen collected on an alluvial flat, near a creek, 20 miles south of Pithara, by Dr. E. S. Simpson, of Perth, a keen orchidologist. Specimens were plentiful. (Described Transactions Royal Society S.A., XLVII., 1923.)
W.A.: Pithara. September.

C. macrostylis, Fitzgerald; large style.
A slender species from a few inches to 8 in. high. Leaf linear-lanceolate, sheathing at base, 4 to 5 in. long. Flowers, one or two, pale yellow streaked and veined with red. Sepals and petals lanceolate, tapering to a short clavate point. Lip on a short claw, ovate-lanceolate, veined, the dark red edges thickened with glandular denticulations on the margins of the apex. Calli dark reddish-brown in a broad band extending from near the base of lip almost to the point, clavate, closely packed. Column nearly 1/2 in. long, wide, much bent and very broadly winged from the base to half way up the anther. Found in loam, laterite, or forest country. Fitzgerald found this orchid on the edge of a swamp near the Upper Hay River in September.
Dr. Rogers' note regarding its situation is as follows: "This orchid chooses the most barren of ironstone country on which to grow. On the Upper Kalgan a few specimens occupied a small area of ground shunned by every other living plant. At Mount Barker it was quite numerous amid scrub almost equally inhospitable."
W.A.: Albany, Boyup Brook, Busselton, Collie, Highbury, Jarnadup, Kelmscott, Mt. Barker, Pindalup. September - December.

C. Drummondii, Bentham; honouring James Drummond, an early West Australian pioneer, botanist and collector.
A small species, leaf ovate-lanceolate, 1/2 in. by 1/4 in. Flower solitary on a stalk of 2 to 3 in. Sepals and petals resembling C. hirta (which has white, pink-shaded flowers), about 1/2 in. long, including the dark-coloured point, about as long as the whitish dilated part. Lip with lateral lobes broadly rounded, entire, recurved, calli in about 4 rows. Bentham states that without much character in the flower this species differs from the whole genus in the shape of the leaf. It is either very rare, or easily overlooked, as its collection is unrecorded since first found by Drummond in the Swan River district many years ago, when the specimens were forwarded to England. Its discovery would be hailed with delight by present-day collectors.
W.A.: Swan River district.

C. triangularis, Rogers; triangular.
A species with the habit of C. Patersonii, about 9 in. high. Flower solitary, cream-coloured, with reddish-brown lines. Dorsal sepal erect with three reddish longitudinal lines dilated below, contracting gradually into a moderately short glandular point as in C. hirta; lateral sepals similar to dorsal sepal, but wider and rather longer, spreading. Petals with one red longitudinal line. Lip clawed, ovate-triangular in outline, lateral lobes rather deeply combed, middle lobe triangular, shortly fringed or dentate, lamina with radiating red lines at the base. Calli lamina orange, in 2 rows, not extending beyond the middle. Column curved, more or less erect, widely winged above, more narrowly below. (Described Transactions Royal Society S.A., Vol. LI., 1927.)
W.A.: Highbury. September.

C. hirta, Lindley; hairy.
A very hairy species, 1 ft. high or more. Leaf oblong or lanceolate, 2 to 4 in. long. Flowers two or three, white, shaded with pink. Sepals and petals 3/4 to 1 in. long, irregularly acuminate, points much shorter than in C. Patersonii. Lip sessile, broad and undivided, more or less fringed from the middle upwards, recurved. Calli in four-six regular rows. Favours chiefly loam or laterite.
W.A.: Albany, Darlington, Narrogin, Stirling Range, Toodyay. August - October.

C. lavandulaceae, Rogers; like lavender.
A very slender species with the habit of C. Roei, but differing in the segments of the perianth, in the conspicuous veining of the lip and in the calli on the disk; up to 10 in. high. Flowers lavender, conspicuously marked with radiating lavender lines; all segments of the perianth with conspicuously clavate dark glandular tips, lavender in colour, traversed by darker longitudinal lines, lanceolate, subequal in length and similar in shape. Dorsal sepal retracted backwards, the other segments spreading. Lip mobile, very slenderly clawed, almost transversely oval in out line, with entire margins, large rounded lateral lobes, middle lobe relatively small, blunt, dark purple, recurved; lamina with conspicuous radiating dark lavender veins. Calli dark purple, fleshy, stalked, compactly crowded. Column at first retracted, then incurved, widely winged in the upper half. Leaf narrow-linear, acute, hairy, channeled, between 4 and 5 in. long. (Described Transactions Royal Society S.A., Vol. LI., 1927). Favours sandy loam and usually found associated with marri gum (Euca1yptus calophylla).
W.A.: Highbury, Narrogin, York. September.

C. Roei, Bentham; honouring J. S. Roe, first Surveyor-General of Western Australia.
"Ant orchid"
Stem 6 to 8 in. Leaf' narrow-linear. Flower solitary, greenish-yellow. Sepals and petals about 1/2 in. long, points much shorter than the dilated part. Lip on a distinct claw, 1/2 in. or more wide, lateral lobes light-coloured, broad, not fringed, middle lobe smaller, recurved, fringed with short calli. One or more large calli between the lateral lobes at the top of the claw, and small crowded sessile ones usually along the centre of the disk.
W.A.: Cootarring. Dumbleyung, Gnowangerup, Highbury, Katanning, Narrogin, Wagin. September - October.

C. Bryceana, Rogers; honouring Miss Bryce Maclntyre.
A tiny plant, under 2 in. in height, closely related to C. Roei. Flower solitary, rather less than 1/2 in; long; upper sepal hairy, spathulate, incurved, about same length as lateral sepals, but wider. Lip freely movable on a rather long claw, with wide green lateral lobes, middle lobe (tip) short, blunt, triangular, studded with reddish-purple glands, recurved and then reduplicated. Calli dark, reddish-brown, standing up conspicuously in four dense rows nearly to the tip. On the claw near the base of the disc, is a large purplish-green clavate hi-lobed projection. Column much incurved, with large hatchet- shaped wings. No yellow glands at base of column. (Describe Transactions Royal Society S.A., Vol. XXXVIII., 1914.)
W.A.: Gnowangerup. September.

C. Douchae, Sargent; honouring Miss L. Doutch.
A species varying in height from 4 in. to 1 ft., stem slightly hairy, leaf linear-lanceolate, from 3 to 4 in. long Flower solitary, green with purple stripes. Dorsal sepal erect lanceolate, acuminate. Lateral sepals lanceolate, caudate, margins revolute. Petals decurved, linear and lanceolate, margins revolute, tips acuminate. Lip broadly elliptical, margin entire, middle lobe small, oblong, obtuse, reflexed, Calli short, thin, clavate in two or three rows. Column incurved, glands at base dark purple. (Described "Journal of Botany," Vol.59, June, 1921). Note by Mr. O. H. Sargent: "This new species closely resembles C. Roei, from which it is readily distinguished by its delicately caudate sepals and purple-veined labellum with extremely small and slender calli."
W.A.: Datatine. September.

C. barbarossae, Reichenbach; red-bearded.
"Ant orchid"
Stem 6 to 10 in. Leaf narrow-oblong or lanceolate, about 2 in. long. Flower solitary, greenish-yellow, streaked and shaded with reddish-purple. Lip on a long claw, lateral lobes linear-falcate and erect; one long club-shaped callus at the top of the claw and two short linear ones, with two lines of small calli on the middle lobe.
W.A.: Bridgetown, Boyup Brook, Perth, Woogenellup, York. September - November.

C. flava, R. Brown; yellow.
"Butter orchid" "Cowslip orchid"
Leaf lanceolate, rather long for the plant. Flowers two to five, usually yellow, but sometimes pink and in intermediate forms, white speckled with magenta. Sepals and petals broadly lanceolate, acute, contracted at the base, lateral sepals often above 1 in. long, upper sepal smaller, with more or less distinct reddish lines or blotches along the centre. Lip 1/4 in. or more long and broad, with a very short concave claw, deeply three-lobed, lateral lobes ovate, middle lobe longer and lanceolate, bordered on each side by several long calli. Calli of the disk in two rows almost in a semi-circle. Column winged from base. Usually found around burnt trees, particularly marri gum.
W.A.: Widely distributed and common. August - September.

C. paniculata, Fitzgerald; bearing flowers in panicle
A small species, leaf oblong-lanceolate, 2 or 3 in. long. Flowers three to six, in a flat panicle, white and pink, sepals and petals narrow, lanceolate, about 1-3 in. long. Lip shorter, three-lobed, the central lobe lanceolate, fringed with club-shaped calli, lateral lobes large and erect; calli of the disk about20, linear, in two rows, united by a long central callus extending from the short claw two-thirds of the length of the lip. Column winged from the base. Favours sandy or loamy soil, often clustered at base of gum trees.
W.A.: Armadale, Balbarrup, Gosnells, Karridale, Pinjarra, Ravenswood, Swan View. September - October.

C. Purdieana, Andrews; honouring Alexander Purdie, M.A.
A slender species 8 in. high or less. Leaf lanceolate, 2 or 3 in. long, nearly 1/2 in. wide in the upper part. Flowers, pink, usually two or three, sepals and petals nearly equal an spreading, about 1/2 in. long, lanceolate, acute, petals rather narrower than sepals, white and glabrous above, more or less covered with rusty brown hairs below. Lip on a claw with a narrow longitudinal plate, three-lobed, at first entire, then bordered by two rows of thick divergent calli, no central callus as in C. paniculata, which this species resembles, upper part of the recurved middle lobe fringed with shorter calli, the end with a sinuate margin; lateral lobes shorter, erect, broad, obtuse and entire. Column short, incurved, very narrowly winged. (Described Journal Proceedings Mueller Botanical Society, 1902.)
W.A.: Albany, Bullsbrook, Kelmscott, Midland Junction, Pinjarra. October - November.

C. unita, Fitzgrald; united, referring to the sepals.
Stem from 3 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaf linear-lanceolate, from 3 to 6 in. long. Flowers pinkish-mauve, hairy on the out-side, two or three on long or short stalks. Petals lanceolate, acute, contracted towards the base. Lower sepals lanceolate-falcate, united for nearly two-thirds of their length. Lip about 1/4 in. long on a long claw, ovate, much recurved and fringed with linear calli. Column winged to the base, wings produced into oblong lobes on each side of the stigma.
W.A.: Albany, Boyup Brook, Busselton, Darling Range, Greenbush, Manjimup, Pindalup, Sterling Range. September - October.

C. latifolia, R. Brown; wide leaf.
"Pink fairies"
Stem 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaf oblong or lanceolate, 1.5 in. to 4 in. long. Flowers pink or white, usually two or three. Lateral sepals sometimes 1 in. long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, upper sepal shorter and more acute, petals shorter and more lanceolate. Lip deeply three-lobed, fringed near the base with a few marginal calli, the long calli of the disk linear, club-shaped, in two short rows, more or less converging in a semi-circle. Column shortly and rather broadly winged at the apex. With this species Bentham unit C. marginata, Lindley, and C. ochreata, Lindley. Favours limestone hills.
W.A.: Albany, Bridgetown, City Beach, Perth, Darlington, Harvey, Jarnadup, Kojonup, Weld River, Yallingup. October - December.
All other Australian States.

C. reptans, Lindley; creeping.
A small one-flowered species closely resembling C. latifolia, considered by Bentham to be perhaps a variety, and not distinctive from C. Preissii, Reichenbach. Middle lobe of lip not recurved, calli more or less united, arranged in two converging rows across the disk. Dr. Rogers' comment on this orchid is that it must be extremely rare and seldom collected. The doctor has been unable to secure a specimen.
W.A.: Mahogany Creek (Fitzgerald), Darling Range, and Blackwood River (Diels). August.

C. nana, Endlicher; stunted.
A little pink orchid considered by some botanists identical with C. reptans. Dr. L. Diels has expressed the opinion that it is distinct. (Journal Proceedings, Mueller Botanical Society, April, 1903).
W.A.: Albany district.

C. tenuis, Fitzgerald; slender.
A very slender species from 5 to 20 in. high. Leaf lanceolate, sheathing at the base, from 3 to 5 in. Flowers one to three, petals and sepals white, with a pink stripe down the centre, light brown towards the end, the colour produced by closely-set sessile calli. Petals linear, acute. Sepals broader than petals and a little longer. Dorsal sepal erect. Lip about five lines long, narrow-lanceolate without lobes, point reflexed. Calli of the disk linear in two bands of four rows each, the point of the lip without calli on the surface but edged with linear calli. Column about five lines, very slightly bent, winged from the base, anther with rather a long point.
W.A.: Champion Bay. August.

C. carnea, R. Brown; flesh-coloured; var. alba, Bentham, white.
A species found in all the Eastern States, but only recorded comparatively recently in Western Australia. Typical
specimens have been collected by Mr. Sargent in the York district, with odourless flowers, sepals and petals rusty-grey outside; glistening white inside. Dr. Andrews in a note accompanying his description of C. Purdieana (Journal Proceedings, Mueller Botanical Society, December, 1903), states that his species bear considerable resemblance to C. carnea, var. alba, in general appearance, though the leaf is much broader, the dorsal sepal less erect, and the tuft of erect calli, appearing near the base of the claw of the lip in C. carnea, var. alba, is absent.
W.A.: York. September.
All other Australian State..

C. saccharata, Reichenbach; sweet.
"Dwarf white orchid"
A species somewhat resembling C. carnea. A small plant about 3 in. high, leaf narrow-linear. Flower small, white, lateral sepals spreading, broader than the lateral petals, dorsal sepal erect or incurved. Lateral lobes of 1ip somewhat falcate, middle lobe linear-lanceolate, entire, yellow. Calli yellow, club-shaped, closely packed in two very yellow rows, extending almost to apex of middle lobe. Column purple, incurved. Often associated with tea-tree scrub, mallet bark and she-oak.
W.A.: Bencubbin, Dumbleyung, Highbury, Mt. Barker, York. September.

C. aphylla, Bentham; without leaves.
Stems almost thread-like, glabrous, 1 to 1.5 ft. No leaf at all at time of flowering. Flower solitary, whitish or pale yellow, sepals and petals narrow-lanceolate, tapering at the base, 3/4 to 1 in. long, upper sepal erect and concave. Lip 3-lobed, more than half as long as the sepals, contracted into a claw, lateral lobes falcate, middle lobe long and tipped with yellow, calli linear, club-shaped, in two rows. Column slightly winged.
W.A.: Albany, Hay River, Kalgan River, Tukurua, Yallingup. April.

C. diformis, R. Brown; deformed.
Early flowering specimens rarely above 6 in. high. Flower solitary, light blue or pale mauve, sepals and petals over 1/2 in. long, lanceolate, obtuse, contracted towards the base, upper sepal more erect than the others and concave. Lip with an erect, linear claw, ovate, obscurely lobed, calli numerous and crowded. Late-flowering specimens of this orchid have been observed in flower on plants up to 18 in. high. A common species.
W.A.: Widely distributed. June - September.

C. sericea, Lindley; silky-haired.
"Mouse orchid"
Stems 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaf lanceolate, often rather broad, 1 to 3 in. long. Flowers one or two, blue, much incurved in the bud. Sepals and petals nearly equal, 3/4 to 1 in. long, oblong-lanceolate. Lip wedge-shaped, equally 3-lobed, middle lobe recurved, shortly fringed with a few calli. Calli of disk in about four rows. Found in all classes of soil.
W.A.: Albany, Highbury, Kalamunda, Kendenup, Margaret River, Parkerville, Pindalup, Pinjarra, Stirling Range, Waroona. July - October.

C. gemmata, Lindley; gem-like.
From 6 to 8 in. high when 1-flowered, taller when 2-flowered. Leaf ovate, 1in. long, usually dark brown beneath. Flower large, deep blue, rarely white; sepals and petals about 3/4 in. long, obtuse. Lip broadly ovate, undivided, erect at the base, recurved at the end and obtuse. Column the length of the lip, narrowly winged. Usually found in loam clay or laterite. A common species.
W.A.: Widely distributed. August - October.

C. pellita, Endlicher. Not considered distinct from C. gemmata by Bentham

C. Gertrudae, Ostenfeld.
(Described Ostenfeld's Contributions to W. A. Botany, Pt. 3, Copenhagen, 1921), has been joined to C. Gemmata by Dr. Rogers. Note by Ostenfeld: "This little known orchid resembles C. germmata but differs in the colour of the flowers, the almost acute petals and sepals, and having the lip longer than the column. Collected Yallingup, September."

C. ixioides, Lindley; like Ixia.
This is possibly a variety of C. gemmata, which it closely resembles in habit, but the flowers are yellow, with the lip not so broad, sharp-pointed, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed, and the calli more prominent, almost linear.
W.A.: Upper Swan, Subiaco. September.